Tariffs are back at the top of the shipping news agenda once again, creating confusion just as the transpacific contracting season gets underway. 

On Friday, the US Supreme Court ruled that president Donald Trump violated federal law by using the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA) to unilaterally impose sweeping global tariffs. In response, Trump announced later that day that he would invoke Section 122 of US trade law to implement a 10% tariff on all goods imported into the US.

Impact varies by country – a five percentage point reduction for China and Vietnam, no change for the EU, a 5% increase for the UK, and the most significant reduction for Brazil, down from 40%. Overall effective tariffs on China remain around 40% due to pre-existing Section 301 duties.

“Significantly lower effective tariff rates are likely to spur shipments out of places like Brazil. And some importers out of China and Vietnam may be enticed by the 5% dip in tariffs to increase orders too. But the overall modest reductions and high uncertainty may limit the surge compared to last year’s frontloading waves, with any pickup likely starting in early March as manufacturing resumes post-Lunar New Year,” said Judah Levine, head of research at Freightos, a box booking platform.

“Shippers and carriers are less than one week away from the annual gathering at the TPM conference in Long Beach, which typically serves as the kick-off for many contract negotiations. It will be next to impossible for any US shippers to commit firmly to volumes or specific origin/destination pairs over the next 12 months, given the tariff turmoil,” pointed out analysts at Danish container consultancy Sea-Intelligence. 

Danish container shipping expert Lars Jensen, who runs consultancy Vespucci Maritime, wrote in a social media post today that shippers involved in US trades will be having a busy morning trying to get an overview of what the IEEPA shut-down and the new 15% global tariffs will mean – and whether their cargo is part of the very lengthy list of exceptions from the 15%.

Lengthy in this context means that Annex 1 and Annex 2 contains approximately 1,800 commodity codes exempt from the 15% tariff, Jensen explained citing various fresh fruits, coffee, laptops, jet fuel and helicopters as some examples. 

China lashed out at US trade policies last week, accusing Washington of weaponising tariffs and export controls and calling for urgent World Trade Organization (WTO) reform to restore predictability in global trade.

In a strongly worded submission to the WTO, Beijing blamed recent US measures — from unilateral tariffs to tightened technology export rules — for fragmenting supply chains and undermining the multilateral rules‑based system. 

“Selective protectionism and extraterritorial controls are destabilising trade and hurting global growth,” the Chinese submission stated, adding that Beijing would “vigorously defend the legitimate rights of Chinese enterprises.”

As tensions with Washington simmer, Chinese officials set out a package of WTO fixes they say would blunt geopolitical interference and modernise the system. Recommendations include restoring a fully functional dispute‑settlement mechanism, tightening transparency and notification requirements for export controls and subsidies, and creating fast‑track procedures for disputes involving critical supply chains and dual‑use technologies.