General Atomics Aeronautical Systems, Inc. (GA-ASI) tested its MQ-9B SeaGuardian drone with the latest Expanded Sonobuoy Dispensing System (ESDS).

The tests emphasised on improving the drone’s abilities to identify submarines deep under the waters.

This technology could alter how the world’s oceans are monitored for defense purposes.

Submarines are powerful weapons and those armed with nuclear ballistic missiles are even more dangerous as they can carry devastating strikes, though conventional ones can disrupt shipping and even trade.

Given their importance in naval warfare, many countries are investing in ways to effectively detect, track and counter the adversaries’ subs.

Aircraft patrol the areas from above, and sonobuoys, which are sensor pods, can detect the subs below the water surface, making them more efficient.

Sonobuoys are small instruments that open underwater and deploy sensors. They have different features, such as those used for listening to conversations.

Helicopters have a limited flight time, and even long-range manned aircraft such as the P-8A Poseidon can remain on station for around 4 hours.

Long missions tire crew members, and involving tasks like mid-air refuelling can also get dangerous.

Hence, the Navy plans to close the gaps with the help of drones such as the MQ-9B SeaGuardian, which can stay in the air longer than aircraft.

The drone’s ESDS pods enable it to accommodate twice as many sonobuoys and deploy Multi-static Active Coherent (MAC) buoys, a first for uncrewed aircraft.

“Expanding sonobuoy capacity, including Multi-static Active Coherent (MAC) technology for SeaGuardian, has been an integral part of our advanced ASW strategy to broaden and enhance search areas,” said GA-ASI President David R. Alexander.

“The wider maritime coverage our MQ-9B’s ASW capability provides is extremely valuable to our customers.”

MAC buoys help expand coverage and reduce the number of buoys required.

The tests, sponsored by the Navy, were designed to certify the SDC system and prepare for operational deployment with the Commander, U.S. Pacific Fleet.

After testing, the Navy will approve the MQ-9B SeaGuardian for anti-submarine missions in January 2026.

The drone has been used in many exercises like the Northern Edge, Integrated Battle Problem and RIMPAC.